Data output apparatus, memory system, data output method, and data processing method

ABSTRACT

A data output apparatus converts input data into data that changes less than the input data, and outputs the converted data to a memory.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a data output apparatus and method of outputting data to a memory, a memory system having a memory device and memory controller, and a data processing method of the memory device in the memory system.

2. Description of the Related Art

Recently, the improvement of the semiconductor process has dramatically increased the integration degree and operating frequency of an LSI, and the performance of an apparatus using this LSI has also increased. The increase in operating frequency has also increased the electromagnetic radiation of an LSI, and makes it difficult to control EMI (Electro Magnetic Interference). When the operating frequency of an LSI rises, the amount of harmonic components at high frequencies contained in a clock signal increases, and this increases the radiation of the harmonic components.

An SSCG (Spread Spectrum Clock Generator) is used to control the EMI. The SSCG oscillates (modulates) the clock frequency of an LSI by slightly changing the frequency, thereby lowering the peak of the EMI.

As the operating frequency of an LSI increases, it is becoming important to ensure the quality of a signal, i.e., so-called signal integrity.

When a transistor on an LSI chip switches, a high-frequency electric current flows through a power supply/ground line and generates noise on it. This is so-called power bounce or ground bounce.

This noise increases in proportion to the number of transistors that switch. A large power bounce or ground bounce produced when a large number of transistors integrated on an LSI chip simultaneously switch is called SSO (Simultaneous Switching Output) noise.

The noise increases as the operating frequency and integration degree of an LSI increase. On the other hand, the noise margin decreases as the power supply voltage of an LSI lowers and its operating frequency increases. This makes it important to control the noise.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2004-213563 has proposed a memory access signal generator as the technique that effectively reduces the noise and EMI as described above.

In this memory access signal generator described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2004-213563, when the transition of a digital signal is detected and the signal is delayed, control is performed so as not to delay a digital signal in the next stage that has simultaneously detected the transition. In addition, control is performed so as to delay the digital signal in the next stage that has simultaneously detected the transition, thereby always controlling the number of simultaneous switching actions generated by a digital signal such as an address signal or data signal to ½. This makes it possible to appropriately reduce the power consumption, noise, and EMI.

Unfortunately, the memory access signal generator described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2004-213563 has the problem that if the number of times of data switching increases, noise increases, and the noise decreases the operation margin.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides a technique that reduces noise when writing data in a memory or reading out data from a memory.

According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a data output apparatus for outputting data to a memory, comprising a conversion unit configured to convert input data into data which changes less than the input data, and an output unit configured to output the data converted by the conversion unit to the memory.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a memory system having a memory device and a memory controller, the memory controller comprising a first conversion unit configured to convert input data into data which changes less than the input data, and a first output unit configured to output the data converted by the first conversion unit to the memory device, and the memory device comprising a first restoration unit configured to restore the data before conversion by the first conversion unit from the data output from the first output unit, and a write unit configured to write the data restored by the first restoration unit into a memory cell.

According to still another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a data output apparatus for outputting data to a memory, comprising a sort unit configured to sort input data in an order corresponding to the input data, and an output unit configured to output, to the memory, the data sorted by the sort unit and control data for restoring the data before sorting from the data sorted by the sort unit.

According to still yet another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a data output apparatus for outputting data to a memory, comprising a conversion unit configured to convert predetermined input data, and an output unit configured to output, to the memory, the predetermined input data converted by the conversion unit, and identification data indicating that the predetermined data is converted by the conversion unit.

According to yet still another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a memory system having a memory device and a memory controller, the memory controller comprising a first conversion unit configured to convert predetermined input data, and a first output unit configured to output, to the memory device, the predetermined input data converted by the first conversion unit, and first identification data indicating that the predetermined data is converted by the first conversion unit, and the memory device comprising a first restoration unit configured to restore the data before conversion by the conversion unit from the data output from the first output unit, and a write unit configured to write the data restored by the first restoration unit into a memory cell.

According to still yet another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a data output method of outputting data to a memory, comprising a conversion step of converting input data into data which changes less than the input data, and an output step of outputting the data converted in the conversion step to the memory.

According to yet still another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a data processing method of a memory device in a memory system having the memory device and a memory controller, wherein the memory controller executes a first conversion step of converting input data into data which changes less than the input data, and a first output step of outputting the data converted in the first conversion step to the memory device, and the memory device executes a first restoration step of restoring the data before conversion in the first conversion step from the data output in the first output step, and a write step of writing the data restored in the first restoration step into a memory cell.

According to still yet another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a data output method of outputting data to a memory, comprising a sorting step of sorting input data in an order corresponding to the input data, and an output step of outputting, to the memory, the data sorted in the sorting step, and control data for restoring the data before sorting from the data sorted in the sorting step.

According to yet still another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a data output method of outputting data to a memory, comprising a conversion step of converting predetermined input data, and an output step of outputting, to the memory, the predetermined input data converted in the conversion step, and identification data indicating that the predetermined data is converted in the conversion step.

According to still yet another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a data processing method of a memory device in a memory system having the memory device and a memory controller, wherein the memory controller executes a first conversion step of converting predetermined input data, and a first output step of outputting, to the memory device, the predetermined input data converted in the first conversion step, and first identification data indicating that the predetermined data is converted in the first conversion step, and the memory device executes a first restoration step of restoring the data before conversion in the first conversion step from the data output in the first output step, and a write step of writing the data restored in the first restoration step into a memory cell.

Further features of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the arrangement of the first embodiment of a memory controller of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the arrangement of a data determination unit of the first embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a view showing a data sequence switching example in the first embodiment.

FIGS. 4A and 4B are timing charts showing the operation timings of a memory interface when writing data in the first embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing the arrangement of the second embodiment of the memory controller of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing the arrangement of a data determination unit of the second embodiment.

FIG. 7 is a view showing a data pattern comparison example in the second embodiment.

FIGS. 8A and 8B are timing charts showing the operation timings of a memory interface when writing data in the second embodiment.

FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing the arrangement of a read data restoration circuit in the second embodiment.

FIG. 10 is a flowchart for explaining an example of a procedure when writing data in the memory and reading out data from the memory.

FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing the arrangement of a memory system according to the third embodiment.

FIGS. 12A and 12B are timing charts for explaining data write according to the third embodiment.

DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS First Embodiment

Embodiments of the present invention will be explained in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Note that the following embodiments do not limit the present invention according to the scope of claims. Note also that not all combinations of features explained in the embodiments are essential to the means of the present invention.

First, a memory system according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be explained.

FIG. 1 shows the memory system according to this embodiment.

In FIG. 1, reference numeral 2000 denotes a memory controller; and 2100, a memory. The memory controller 2000 includes a bus interface 2010, command generator 2040, write data generator 2030, and read data receiver 2020.

The write data generator 2030 comprises a write data buffer 2033, data determination unit 2031, and encoding unit 2032. The read data receiver 2020 comprises a read data buffer 2021, data sort controller 2022, and decoding unit 2023.

The memory controller 2000 having received a write request from a system bus generates a command and write data in accordance with a bus protocol by using the bus interface 2010. The memory controller 2000 transmits the command to the command generator 2040, and the write data to the write data generator 2030.

The command generator 2040 converts the received command into a memory command. The write data generator 2030 writes the received write data in the write data buffer 2033. The data determination unit 2031 determines the sorting order of the write data written in the write data buffer 2033. The encoding unit 2032 encodes the determination result from the data determination unit 2031. The write data generator 2030 then generates memory write data to be written in the memory 2100, on the basis of the output results from the data determination unit 2031 and encoding unit 2032.

On the other hand, when reading out data, the data sort controller 2022 sorts the data on the basis of the decoding result from the decoding unit 2023. The read data buffer 2021 holds the sorted data, and transmits the read data to the system bus via the bus interface 2010.

The data determination unit 2031 will be explained below with reference to FIG. 2.

The data determination unit 2031 of this embodiment comprises data sort units 0 110-0 to n 110-n, data switching counters 0 120-0 to n 120-n, a minimum value determination circuit 130, a data selection circuit 140, and the like.

This embodiment will be explained using a burst length of four. Write data in the write data buffer 2033 is divided into bursts 0 101 to 3 104. The data sort units 0 110-0 to n 110-n sort data of the bursts 0 101 to 3 104 on the basis of individual sorting patterns.

The switching counters 0 120-0 to n 120-n receive the sorted data, and output the switching counts of the individual data patterns. The minimum value determination circuit 130 determines the minimum value of the outputs from the data switching counters 0 120-0 to n 120-n, and outputs the determination result to the encoding unit 2032 and data selection circuit 140. The data selection circuit 140 outputs the selection result as a part of the memory write data.

A practical example of data sort by the data sort units 110-1 to 110-n will be described below with reference to FIG. 3. This embodiment will be explained using a burst length of four and a data width of eight bits, and taking write data “FF→0F→F0→FF” as an example.

In the case of sort 0 (0→1→2→3, data is not sorted) performed by the data sort unit 110-0, four bits of data are switched between bursts 0 and 1, eight bits of data are switched between bursts 1 and 2, and fourth bits of data are switched between bursts 2 and 3. That is, FF changes to 0F (F→0) between bursts 0 and 1, so four bits change. Collectively, 16-bit data switching occurs in one burst.

In the case of sort 1 (sort is performed in the order of burst 1→burst 0→burst 3→burst 2) performed by the data sort unit 110-1, four bits, zero bit, and four bits of data are switched between the individual bursts, so a total of eight bits are switched. Similarly, in the case of sort 2 performed by the data sort unit 110-2, 12 bits are switched.

The minimum value determination circuit 130 determines that the pattern of sort 1 of the data sort operations performed by the data sort units 110-0 to 110-2 minimizes the data switching count. The encoding unit 2032 adds, to the memory write data, “0011” obtained by encoding this data sort result.

FIGS. 4A and 4B show examples of timing charts. In FIGS. 4A and 4B, reference symbol CLK denotes a clock; A, an address; DQS, a data strobe; DQ, a data signal; and DQM, a data mask signal. In a comparative example (to which this embodiment is not applied) shown in FIG. 4A, the write data is directly output to DQ. By contrast, this embodiment shown in FIG. 4B transmits the encoding result using DQ redundancy bits, and transfers the data sort result by normal DQ.

This makes it possible to reduce the number of times of data switching performed during memory read and write, thereby reducing the EMI noise and SSO noise. It is also possible to reduce the power consumed by memory read and write by reducing the number of times of switching.

An example of the memory control procedure will be explained below with reference to FIG. 10.

First, in step S101, the data sort units 110-0 to 110-n generate n types of write data by sorting the burst sequence of write data in the write data buffer 2033.

Then, in step S102, the data switching counters 120-0 to 120-n detect the counts of data pattern switching in the individual write data. In step S103, the minimum value determination circuit 130 and data selection circuit 140 select write data having a minimum data switching count. In the example shown in FIG. 3, the data selection circuit 140 selects the output from the data sort unit 110-2, and outputs the signal as DQ[7:0] shown in FIG. 4B.

In step S104, the encoding unit 2032 encodes the burst sequence of the write data selected in step S103 into redundancy bits. This encoding is done using, e.g., four bits as described above. The encoded redundancy bits are added to the write data. As shown in FIG. 4B, the encoding unit 2032 outputs the encoding result as redundancy bits DQ[0:0]. Subsequently, in step S105, the selected write data and encoded redundancy bits are written in the memory 2100.

The process then advances to step S106 to read out the write data and redundancy bits written in the memory 2100 as described above. The process advances to step S107, and the decoding unit 2023 decodes the readout redundancy bits. The process advances to step S108 to detect the burst sequence of the read data read out from the memory 2100, in accordance with the result of decoding performed in step S107. In the example shown in FIG. 3, the decoding unit 2023 determines by decoding “0011” that the burst sequence is sort 1, and sorts “0FFFFFF0” into “FF0FF0FF”.

Subsequently, the process advances to step S109, and the data sort controller 2022 sorts the burst sequence of the read data read out from the memory 2100, in accordance with the burst sequence detection result, thereby restoring the read data so as to obtain the burst sequence before sort.

As described above, the memory control method of this embodiment generates write data by sorting the burst sequence so as to minimize the data switching count when writing the data in the memory 2100. This makes it possible to reduce noise when writing data in the memory 2100 and reading out data from the memory 2100.

Second Embodiment

A memory system according to the second embodiment of the present invention will be explained below.

FIG. 5 shows the memory system according to this embodiment.

Reference numeral 3000 denotes a memory controller; and 3100, a memory. The memory controller 3000 includes a bus interface 3010, command generator 3040, write data generator 3030, read data receiver 3020, and the like.

The write data generator 3030 includes a write data buffer 3033, data determination unit 3031, encoding unit 3032, data fixed control unit 3034, and the like. The read data receiver 3020 includes a read data buffer 3021, data selector 3022, decoding unit 3023, and the like.

The memory controller 3000 having received a write request from a system bus generates a command and write data in accordance with a bus protocol using the bus interface 3010. The memory controller 3000 transmits the command to the command generator 3040, and the write data to the write data generator 3030.

The command generator 3040 converts the received command into a memory command. The write data generator 3030 writes the received write data in the write data buffer 3033. The data determination unit 3031 determines whether the write data in the write data buffer 3033 matches a specific pattern. The encoding unit 3032 encodes the determination result from the data determination unit 3031.

The data fixed control unit 3034 fixes data to be written in the memory 3100 in accordance with the data determination unit 3031. Memory write data is generated on the basis of the output results from the data fixed control unit 3034 and encoding unit 3032.

When performing data read, the decoding unit 3023 decodes memory read data and determines whether the data matches a specific pattern. If the data matches the specific pattern, the data selector 3022 changes the read data into the specific pattern, and transmits the pattern to the read data buffer 3021. The read data buffer 3021 holds the sorted data, and transmits the read data to the system bus via the bus interface 3010.

The data determination unit 3031 will be explained below with reference to FIG. 6.

The data determination unit 3031 includes n data comparison circuits 210-0 to 210-n, a data pattern holding circuit 220, data hit flag generator 230, and the like. This embodiment will be explained using a burst length of four.

Write data in the write data buffer 3033 can be divided into bursts 0 201 to 3 204 each of which is 8-bit data. The data comparison circuits 210-0 to 210-n compare the data of bursts 0 to 3 with data patterns.

The data comparison circuits 210-0 to 210-n compare bursts 0 to 3 with n patterns. If data matches a certain pattern, “1” is set in a corresponding hit signal. The data comparison results are transmitted to the encoding unit 3032, and encoded. The data hit flag generator 230 generates a hit flag by performing an arithmetic operation on the comparison results, and transmits the hit flag to the data fixed control unit 3034.

If the hit flag is “1”, the data fixed control unit 3034 fixes the write data. If not, the data fixed control unit 3034 directly outputs the write data as a part of memory write data to the memory 3100.

An example of a practical procedure of fixing data will be explained below with reference to FIG. 7. This embodiment will be explained using a burst length of four and a data width of eight bits.

First, the data comparison circuits 210-0 to 210-n compare write data with patterns 0 to n. As shown in FIG. 7, write data “FF, 00, FF, 00” matches pattern 1. Therefore, the data determination unit 3031 sets “11” in hit 1 (the output from the data comparison circuit 210-1) and in the hit flag (the output from the data hit flag generator 230). Likewise, as shown in FIG. 7, the encoding unit 3032 encodes the outputs from the data comparison circuits 210-1 to 210-n into “0010”.

Also, since the hit flag is 11111, the data fixed control unit 3034 transmits the data as noise-reduction data fixed to “0” to the memory 3100. Note that patterns 0 to n held in the data pattern holding circuit 220 are patterns having large data switching counts.

Write data “00, 01, 02, 03” does not match any output pattern from the data pattern holding circuit 220. In this case, the data determination unit 3031 outputs “0” as the hit flag and all the hit outputs. In this case, the encoding unit 3032 outputs “0000”, and the data fixed control unit 3034 directly outputs the write data as memory write data to the memory 3100.

FIGS. 8A and 8B are timing charts. In a comparison example (to which this embodiment is not applied) shown in FIG. 8A, write data is directly output to DQ. By contrast, this embodiment shown in FIG. 8B transmits the encoding result by using DQ redundancy bits, and transfers the data fixing result by normal DQ. When writing data in A0, the data matches the access pattern, so DQ[7:0] is fixed to “0”, and the encoding result “0010” is transmitted to the DQ redundancy bits. When writing data in A1, the data does not match the access pattern, so the write data is directly output to DQ[7:0], and the DQ redundancy bits are “0000”.

The data selector 3022 will be explained below with reference to FIG. 9.

The data selector 3022 includes a pattern selection circuit 310 and data pattern holding circuit 320. Reference numerals 301 to 304 denote burst data held in the read data buffer 3021.

The pattern selection circuit 310 selectively outputs a pattern held in the data pattern holding circuit 320 or received data in accordance with a selection signal 400 from the decoding unit 3023. The data pattern holding circuit 320 is holding specific data patterns, i.e., the same data patterns as in the data pattern holding circuit 220 in this embodiment.

Although this embodiment uses the data pattern holding circuits 220 and 320 for read and write, respectively, one data pattern holding circuit may also be used because the same data is held for both read and write.

When the DQ redundancy bits are “0000”, the data does not match any specific pattern as shown in FIG. 7, so the memory read data is directly output to the read data buffer 3021. If data matches a specific pattern, data from the data pattern holding circuit 320 is selected in accordance with the decoding result.

The memory system of this embodiment using the procedure explained above can reduce the number of times of data switching, thereby reducing noise produced by data switching when writing data in and reading out data from a memory chip and memory module.

Third Embodiment

FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing the arrangement of a memory system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

In FIG. 11, the same reference numerals as the constituent elements shown in FIG. 5 denote constituent elements given the same names. Reference numeral 3000 denotes a memory controller; and 3100, a memory (memory element) having a memory cell 3111.

A bus interface 3010 connects an internal bus of the memory controller 3000 and a system bus. A read data receiver 3020 outputs data read out from the memory 3100 to the bus interface 3010. A read data buffer 3021 temporarily holds data readout from the memory 3100 and processed, and outputs the data to the bus interface 3010. A data selector 3022 processes data read out from the memory 3100 as explained in the second embodiment. A decoding unit 3023 decodes encoded data output from an encoding unit 3132 of the memory 3100.

A write data generator 3030 temporarily stores write data received from the bus interface 3010 into a write data buffer 3033. After that, the write data generator 3030 performs the same processing as in the second embodiment, and outputs the data to the memory 3100. A data determination unit 3031 analyzes the pattern of data to be written in the memory device 3100, and determines whether the data to be written has a pattern that readily produces noise. An encoding unit 3032 encodes the determination result from the data determination unit 3031, and outputs the encoding result to the memory 3100. If the data determination unit 3031 determines that the data to be written in the memory 3100 readily produces noise, a data fixed control unit 3034 converts the data into data that hardly produces noise. A command generator 3040 generates read and write commands with respect to the memory 3100, and outputs the commands to the memory 3100.

The arrangement of the memory 3100 will be explained below. The memory 3100 has a decoding unit 3123 and data selector 3122 respectively having the same functions as the decoding unit 3023 and data selector 3022 of the memory controller 3000 described above. The memory 3100 also has a data determination unit 3131, encoding unit 3132, and data conversion control unit 3134 respectively having the same functions as the data determination unit 3031, encoding unit 3032, and data fixed control unit 3034 of the memory controller 3000.

Note that the arrangement of the data determination units 3031 and 3131 according to this embodiment is the same as the data determination unit 3031 shown in FIG. 6. Note also that data patterns held in a data pattern holding circuit 220 and encoding examples of the encoding unit 3032 are the same as shown in FIG. 3. The arrangement of the data selectors 3022 and 3122 according to this embodiment is the same as the data selector 3022 shown in FIG. 9.

In the memory 3100, the decoding unit 3123 receives encoded data encoded and output by the memory controller 3000, and decodes the received data. On the basis of this decoding result, a selection signal 400 to be output to the data selector 3122 is generated. The data selector 3122 selects the write data received from the memory controller 3000 or the pattern data held in a data pattern holding circuit 320 in accordance with the selection signal 400, and outputs the selected data to the memory cell 3111. The memory 3100 holds this output in the memory cell 3111.

More specifically, if the decoding unit 3123 receives, e.g., the above-mentioned code “0010” as the encoded output, the decoding unit 3123 finds that the memory write data is converted into data “0” because this code matches pattern 1. In this case, therefore, the memory 3100 selects pattern 1 stored in the data pattern holding circuit 320 by the selection signal 400, and writes pattern 1 in the memory cell 3111.

On the other hand, if the decoding unit 3123 receives, e.g., the above-mentioned code “0000” as the encoded output, the decoding unit 3123 finds that the memory write data is not converted but directly input to the data selector 3122 because this code does not match any pattern. In this case, therefore, the memory 3100 selects the memory write data by the selection signal 400, and writes the data in the memory cell 3111.

Also, data is read out from the memory 3100 in the order opposite to that of the write operation described above. That is, the data determination unit 3131 determines whether data read out from the memory cell 3111 of the memory 3100 matches any pattern, in the same manner as performed by the memory controller 3000 when writing data. The data determination unit 3131 outputs hit signals 0 to n and hit flags corresponding to the individual patterns. The encoding unit 3132 encodes the signal signals and outputs the encoded signals to the memory controller 3000. In accordance with the determination outputs from the data determination unit 3131, whether the data read out from the memory cell 3111 is actual data or data converted into “0” is determined. The encoding unit 3132 encodes the determination result, and outputs the encoding result to the decoding unit 3023.

The data selector 3022 of the memory controller 3000 receives the output data from the data fixed control nit 3034 of the memory 3100. Also, the decoding unit 3023 of the memory controller 3000 receives the output encoding result from the encoding unit 3132 of the memory 3100. On the basis of the encoding result from the memory 3100, the decoding unit 3023 outputs the selection signal 400. On the basis of the selection signal 400 output from the decoding unit 3023, the data selector 3022 outputs the readout data received from the memory 3100 or the pattern data held in advance in the data pattern holding circuit 320.

In this embodiment as described above, the memory controller 3000 and memory 3100 exchange data by converting data that readily produces noise into data that hardly produces noise. This makes it possible to reduce the number of times of data switching, and suppress noise.

FIG. 12B is a timing chart for explaining data write according to this embodiment in comparison with a comparative example shown in FIG. 12A. In this example, data (00, 00, 00, 00) is written at address “A0”, and data (01, 01, 03, 04) is written at address “A1”.

In a portion 500, write data (FF, 00, FF, 00) matches pattern 1 and hence is converted into data (00, 00, 00, 00). In this case, the encoding result is “0010” from FIG. 7 (501).

Consequently, noise produced at times t3 to t5 in the comparison example shown in FIG. 12A is reduced to “0”.

Note that the pattern data (specific patterns) stored in the data pattern holding circuits 220 and 320 of this embodiment are not limited to the examples described above. That is, it is possible to use any pattern in which the number of bits to be inverted between preceding data and succeeding data is equal to or larger than a predetermined amount. This is so because in a pattern in which the number of bits to be inverted between preceding data and succeeding data is equal to or larger than a predetermined amount, the number of bits that switch between these data increases. As a consequence, an electric current that flows increases, and this increases the possibility of generation of noise.

Also, noise-reduction data is all “0” data in the above embodiments, but any data that reduces the generation of noise can be used.

OTHER EMBODIMENTS ACCORDING TO PRESENT INVENTION

The means constituting the memory control circuits and the steps of the memory control methods according to the embodiments of the present invention described above can be implemented by the operation of a computer program. The present invention includes this program and a computer-readable recording medium recording the program.

The present invention can also include an embodiment in the form of, e.g., a system, apparatus, method, program, or storage medium.

A program code to be installed in a computer to implement the functional processing of the present invention by the computer also implements the present invention. That is, the present invention includes a computer program itself for implementing the functional processing of the present invention.

While the present invention has been described with reference to exemplary embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed exemplary embodiments. The scope of the following claims is to be accorded the broadest interpretation so as to encompass all such modifications and equivalent structures and functions.

This application claims the benefit of Japanese Patent Application No. 2006-237727, filed Sep. 1, 2006, and No. 2006-284141, filed Oct. 18, 2006, which are hereby incorporated by reference herein in their entirety. 

1. A data output apparatus for outputting data to a memory, comprising: a conversion unit configured to convert input data into data which changes less than the input data; and an output unit configured to output the data converted by said conversion unit to the memory.
 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a restoration unit configured to restore data before conversion by said conversion unit from data read out from the memory.
 3. A memory system having a memory device and a memory controller, said memory controller comprising: a first conversion unit configured to convert input data into data which changes less than the input data; and a first output unit configured to output the data converted by said first conversion unit to said memory device, and said memory device comprising: a first restoration unit configured to restore the data before conversion by said first conversion unit from the data output from said first output unit; and a write unit configured to write the data restored by said first restoration unit into a memory cell.
 4. The system according to claim 3, wherein said memory device further comprises: a second conversion unit configured to convert data read out from said memory cell into data which changes less than the readout data; and a second output unit configured to output the data converted by said second conversion unit to said memory controller, and said memory controller further comprises a second restoration unit configured to restore the data before conversion by said second conversion unit from the data output from said second output unit.
 5. A data output apparatus for outputting data to a memory, comprising: a sort unit configured to sort input data in an order corresponding to the input data; and an output unit configured to output, to the memory, the data sorted by said sort unit and control data for restoring the data before sorting from the data sorted by said sort unit.
 6. The apparatus according to claim 5, further comprising a restoration unit configured to restore data before sorting by said sort unit from data read out from the memory, on the basis of the control data read out from the memory.
 7. A data output apparatus for outputting data to a memory, comprising: a conversion unit configured to convert predetermined input data; and an output unit configured to output, to the memory, the predetermined input data converted by said conversion unit, and identification data indicating that the predetermined data is converted by said conversion unit.
 8. The apparatus according to claim 7, further comprising a restoration unit configured to restore data before conversion by said conversion unit from data read out from the memory, on the basis of the identification data read out from the memory.
 9. A memory system having a memory device and a memory controller, said memory controller comprising: a first conversion unit configured to convert predetermined input data; and a first output unit configured to output, to said memory device, the predetermined input data converted by said first conversion unit, and first identification data indicating that the predetermined data is converted by said first conversion unit, and said memory device comprising: a first restoration unit configured to restore the data before conversion by said conversion unit from the data output from said first output unit; and a write unit configured to write the data restored by said first restoration unit into a memory cell.
 10. The system according to claim 9, wherein said memory device comprises: a second conversion unit configured to convert predetermined data read out from said memory cell; and a second output unit configured to output, to said memory controller, the predetermined data converted by said second conversion unit, and second identification data indicating that the predetermined data is converted by said second conversion unit, and said memory controller comprises a second restoration unit configured to restore the data before conversion by said second conversion unit from the data output from said second output unit.
 11. A data output method of outputting data to a memory, comprising: a conversion step of converting input data into data which changes less than the input data; and an output step of outputting the data converted in the conversion step to the memory.
 12. The method according to claim 11, further comprises a restoration step of restoring data before conversion in the conversion step from data read out from the memory.
 13. A data processing method of a memory device in a memory system having the memory device and a memory controller, wherein the memory controller executes: a first conversion step of converting input data into data which changes less than the input data; and a first output step of outputting the data converted in the first conversion step to the memory device, and the memory device executes: a first restoration step of restoring the data before conversion in the first conversion step from the data output in the first output step; and a write step of writing the data restored in the first restoration step into a memory cell.
 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein the memory device further executes: a second conversion step of converting data read out from the memory cell into data which changes less than the readout data; and a second output step of outputting the data converted in the second conversion step to the memory controller, and the memory controller further executes a second restoration step of restoring the data before conversion in the second conversion step from the data output in the second output step.
 15. A data output method of outputting data to a memory, comprising: a sorting step of sorting input data in an order corresponding to the input data; and an output step of outputting, to the memory, the data sorted in the sorting step, and control data for restoring the data before sorting from the data sorted in the sorting step.
 16. The method according to claim 15, further comprising a restoration step of restoring data before sorting in the sorting step from data read out from the memory, on the basis of the control data read out from the memory.
 17. A data output method of outputting data to a memory, comprising: a conversion step of converting predetermined input data; and an output step of outputting, to the memory, the predetermined input data converted in the conversion step, and identification data indicating that the predetermined data is converted in the conversion step.
 18. The method according to claim 17, further comprising a restoration step of restoring data before conversion in the conversion step from data read out from the memory, on the basis of the identification data read out from the memory.
 19. A data processing method of a memory device in a memory system having the memory device and a memory controller, wherein the memory controller executes: a first conversion step of converting predetermined input data; and a first output step of outputting, to the memory device, the predetermined input data converted in the first conversion step, and first identification data indicating that the predetermined data is converted in the first conversion step, and the memory device executes: a first restoration step of restoring the data before conversion in the first conversion step from the data output in the first output step; and a write step of writing the data restored in the first restoration step into a memory cell.
 20. The method according to claim 19, wherein the memory device further executes: a second conversion step of converting predetermined data read out from the memory cell; and a second output step of outputting, to the memory controller, the predetermined data converted in the second conversion step, and second identification data indicating that the predetermined data is converted in the second conversion step, and the memory controller further executes a second restoration step of restoring the data before conversion in the second conversion step from the data output in the second output step. 